Chapter 06

代词与指代清晰

第六章 · 先理解规则,再通过例句把语法变成可使用的表达能力。

6.1 人称代词

主格作主语:

He likes basketball.
他喜欢篮球。

宾格作宾语:

I called him yesterday.
我昨天给他打了电话。

6.2 物主代词

形容词性物主代词后必须接名词:

This is my pen.
这是我的钢笔。

名词性物主代词相当于“物主代词 + 名词”:

This pen is mine.
这支钢笔是我的。

mine = my pen

6.3 反身代词

反身代词表示“某人自己”。

I made it myself.
这是我自己做的。

He hurt himself.
他伤到了自己。

常见搭配:

by oneself 独自
enjoy oneself 玩得开心
teach oneself 自学
help oneself to 随便吃/用

6.4 不定代词

常见不定代词:

some, any, no, every
someone, anyone, no one, everyone
something, anything, nothing, everything

一般疑问句和否定句常用 any

Do you have any questions?
你有问题吗?

I don't have any money.
我没有钱。

肯定句常用 some

I have some friends here.
我这里有一些朋友。

但请求、邀请或期待肯定回答时,疑问句也可用 some

Would you like some tea?
你想喝点茶吗?

6.5 指代要清晰

错误例句:

Tom told Jack that he had won the prize.

这里 he 可能指 Tom,也可能指 Jack。写作中应避免指代模糊。

可以改为:

Tom told Jack, "I have won the prize."
Tom told Jack, "You have won the prize."
Tom told Jack that Tom had won the prize.
Tom told Jack that Jack had won the prize.